شما طی یک ساعت بازی با کودک میتوانید اطلاعاتی را به دست آورید که شاید طی یک سال صحبت نتوانید بدست آورید. سالهای زیادی را با کودکان اوتیسم کار کردم ولی هنوز مواردی پیش میآید که به این نتیجه میرسم که آنها را خوب نمی شناسم به همین دلیل سعی میکنم با توجه به تنوع ویژگیها در افراد طیف اوتیسم، راه های جدیدی را برای برقراری ارتباط با آنها امتحان کنم. برای همهی ما لحظاتی وجود دارد که به دنبال پاسخ بر سوال خود هستیم تا بتوانیم راه درست و زمان درست را انتخاب کنیم. این لحظات ممکن است با آمدن یک ایده به ذهنمان به پایان برسد. من به یک باره می فهمم که تا کنون اشتباه میکردم ” من از کودکی انتظار بازی با اسباب بازی ها را داشتم که هنوز در موقعیت و زمان بازی، احساس امنیت و آرامش نمیکرد، و یا نمی توانست معنای برخی مفاهیم و افعال را در کلام افرادی که قصد بازی با او را دارند خوب بفهمد.
اما چگونه میتوان با تمرکز بر ساختار و زمینهی بازی، فرآیند انجام بازی و محتوای بازی را به نحوی برنامه ریزی کرد که در عین آرامش و راحتی و شادی کودک اوتیسم به هدف خود در بازی رسید. هدفی بازی در خردسالان و کودکان با اختلال اوتیسم، توجه به محیط وتقلید از رفتارهای ساده دیگران و مهمتر از همه راه اندازی ارتباط یا دادن و گرفتن پیامهای کوتاه و متقابل است. ضمن اینکه داشتن لحظا ت خوب و خندیدن و لذت بردن هدفی است باید آن را در کودکان اوتیسم نیز جدیتر گرفت. تصمیم گرفتم ابتدا مثل یک دلقک کارهایی را انجام دهم که هدف آن فقط خنداندن کودک است مثلا با تکان دادن سر خود و در آوردن صدایی کشیده مثل اوووووووو ، و قطع و وصل کردن صدای خود و برداشتن قدمهایی بلند و آرام به صورت اغراق آمیز به سمت او حرکت کنم و به دور او بچرخم و منتظر توجه و واکنش بمانم.
نوزاد طی چند ماه اول ابتدا با بدن خود مثلا به صورت بردن دست در دهان، سپس با اشیاء و افراد اطراف خود بازی میکند. در اینجا منظور از بازی فعالیتی است که هدف آن از طرفی کسب لذت و از طرف دیگر پرورش حواس است. کسب لذت و پرورش دادن حواس است بازیهای انفرادی به مرور تا ۳ یا ۴ سالگی با بازی موازی (۲ یا چند کودک کنار هم اما هریک با وسیله ی خود بازی میکند) و بازی گروهی در گروههای کوچک، و سپس در گروههای بزرگ همراه میشوند. برخی محققین اولین بازی های اجتماعی را که از همان سال اول زندگی شروع میشود با عنوان بازی دلغک وار (بازیهایی با اغراق در حرکت و گفتار موزون یا کشیدن کلمات یا هجاها)
بازی در دیکشنری دانشگاه هاروارد ۲۰ تعریف را به خود اختصاص داده است مثلا درگیرشدن در فعالیت هایی که برای لذت انجام می شود که در طی رشد به مرور اهداف کاربردی نیز پیدا میکند و یا فعالیتی برای لذت که از نوزادی تا پیری ادامه دارد.
برای اغلب کودکان بازی پدیدهای است که به طور طبیعی ایجاد میشود و پیشروی میکند تا عملکرد مستقل در جامعه را تسهیل کند و شکل دهد. در واقع بازی زبان کودک است و کودک از طریق بازیهای مختلف نحوه تعامل با اشیاء و افراد، و قوانین حاکم بر این تعاملات را به صورت کاربردی یاد میگیرد، ضمن اینکه بازی پایه یادگیری است و اجتماعی شدن افراد را تسهیل میکند.
در کودکان با رشد طبیعی از نظر فرآیندی اتفاقات بازی به طور طبیعی: اختیاری، خود انگیخته، با انگیزه درونی، با هدف لذت و شادی، و واقعیت گریز است. از نظر محتوا و هدف بازیها را میتوان به چند دسته تقسیم کرد بازهایحسی- حرکتی، بازی های شناختی، بازی های هیجانی و بازیهای ارتباطی و اجتماعی از جمله این بازی ها می باشند (). اولین بازیهای نوزاد متمرکز بر بدن خود و بعد از آن بازی ها با دستورزی انجام میشود.
اما بازی در کودکان اوتیسم به دلیل برخی ویژگیها مثل ضعف در ادراک اجتماعی و ارتباط اجتماعی هیجانی و داشتن سطوح بالایی از انعطاف ناپذیری در علائق و رفتارها و گاهی بروز برخی مشکلات رفتاری و علائق محدود؛ و مشکلات حسی ،تحت تاثیر قرار میگیرد و فاقد جنبه های اکتشافی، انعطاف پذیری و خلاقیّت است. بنابراین بدون راهنماییهای ویژه، کودکان اوتیسم کمتر می توانند در بازیهای مناسب کارکردی درگیر شوند.
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