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چگونه کودک اتیسم خود را برای فعالیت های خارج از منزل آماده کنید(بخش سوم):

Screenshot_20210419-211627_Chrome-f80554e7

بخش سوم:

نحوه سوم آماده سازی کودک برای تعاملات اجتماعی:

۱.برای کودکان تقویم روزانه ای تهیه کنید.کودکان نیز وقتی میدانند قرار است چه کاری انجام دهند نسبت به زمانی که انتظار فعالیتی را نداشته باشند بهتر عمل میکنند.

برای کودکان اتیستیک که مشکلات زیادی هنگام انتقال از فعالیتی به فعالیت دیگر دارند بیرون رفتن از خانه وقتی قابل تحمل تر است که فعالیت های روزمره قابل پیش بینی باشد.

*با استفاده از پیشنهادهای زیر میتوانید برای کودک یک تقویم روزانه آماده کنید:

هنگام فعالیت های روزمره از کودک عکس بگیرید و آن را به دیوار و در دسترس کودک نصب کنید.با این روش شما میتوانید مثلا فعالیت های صبحگاهی یا مقدماتی را که قبل از شروع هر فعالیت ضروری است با کودک مرور کنید.هرزمان لازم میبینید ترتیب فعالیت های روزمره را اعلام کنید یا تغییر دهید.

۱.با استفاده از تقویم نوشتاری برای کودکانی که سواد خواندن و نوشتن دارند میتوانید ترتیب فعالیت های روزمره را به آنها یادآوری کنید.اگر ترتیب برنامه عوض شد تغییر ها را در برنامه یادداشت کنید تا اضطراب ناشی از غیر قابل پیش بینی بودن وقایع کمتر شود.

۲.برای کودکانی که در به یادآوردن ترتیب مواردی که به آنها گفته میشود قوی هستند جدول زمانی را به صورت شفاهی به آنها اعلام کنید.مثلا به آنها بگویید اول میرویم بانک.بعد از بانک میرویم خوار و بار فروشی.وقت بیشتری بگذارید تا مطمئن شوید ترتیب فعالیت ها را درک کرده است.از کودک بپرسسد اول کجا میرویم؟بعد از بانک کجا؟

۳.به کودک آموزش دهید که خود را از موقعیت های آزاردهنده دور نگه دارد.کودکی که میتواند بگوید نه در موقعیتی که از او میخواهیم در فعالیتی که دوست ندارد شرکت کند کمتر قشرق به پا میکند.وقتی از کودک میخواهیم غذایی را که دوست ندارد بخورد یا وقتی گرمش است ژاکت بپوشد بهتر است مخالفتش را با گفتن “نه” اعلام کند.به جای اینکه پا به زمین بکوبد یا سرش را به دیوار بزند.

۴.به کودک روش صحیح تمام کردن یک فعالیت را آموزش دهید کودک باید قادر باشد خواسته اش را برای ترک یک موقعیت بیان کند.آموزش عبارت هایی مثل “نمیخواهم اینجا باشم و نمیخوام این کار را انجام بدهم”.

به این معنی نیست که خواسته او در هر زمان عملی میشود.بلکه با این کار یک راه ارتباطی را برای کودک فراهم میکنید‌.به این ترتیب هرزمان که امکان داشته باشد کودک موقعیت را ترک یا فعالیتی را تمام کند.میتواند با این شیوه مناسب به خواسته اش برسد.و این رفتار در او تقویت شود.

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