۳ اصل اساسی در تعامل همه جانبه:
- کودک فعال است. او انجام مراحلی از فعالیت ها را یاد میگرد که متناسب با نیاز رشدی او است.
- کودک در فعالیت هایی که با مربی انجام می دهد کنترل را به مرور در اختیار می گیرد و تا حدود زیادی بر اساس خواسته های او اهداف آموزشی پیگیری می شود.
- کودک با استفاده از برنامه های تقویتی و از طریق پاداش دادن (خوراکی، نوازش، آفرین و گرفتن برچسب)انگیزه ی همکاری اش بالا می رود.
پیامدهای یادگیری به مرور بعد از تکرار در حالی چند ماه نشانه های خود را بروز می دهد . تکرار به کودک کمک می کند که بتواند احساس کنترل به بافت و محیط آموزش را پیش بینی کند.
مدل طبیعی برای یادگیری ارتباط
ایجاد سرگرمی هایی که هدف کوتاه مدت آن علاقه و لذت بخش شدن ارتباط با فرد دیگر است.( مانند خردسالی که پدر یا مادر به دنبال او چهار دست و پا راه می رود و رفتارهای کودکش را تکرار می کند تا باعث خنده ی او شود و به نیاز ها و کارهایی که کودک انجام می دهد پاسخ دهی کند.
گاهی لازم است اگر فعالیت شامل مواردی توقف است که موجب منتظر ماندن بیش از اندازه ی معلم می شود بهتر است کودک به مرحله ی بعدی آن فعالیت برود. در این مورد نیز تکرار و تمرین کمک کننده ای اساسی است.
در تعامل همه جانبه سعی می شود تنظیمات به کودک ارائه شود که از طریق آن امکان تعامل فراهم شود.راه هایی که مدل تعامل همه جانبه برای پاسخ گفتن به نیاز های کودک آن را دنبال می کند شامل موارد زیر است:
- تقلید از رفتارها : وارد شدن در دنیای کودک و پیوستن به او و مانند او رفتار کردن به منظور برانگیخته کردن بیشتر او برای تعامل با دیگران است.
- در تعامل همه جانبه از زبان بدنی، صورتی ، حالات چهره، حرکات سر برای برقراری ارتباط بهتراستفاده می شود. زیرا کودکان اوتیسم زمانی که توانایی بیان نیازهای خود به صورت کلامی را ندارند لازم است از موارد فوق برای برقراری ارتباط اجتماعی استفاده کرد.
- حضور درمانگر در کنار کودک و ارائه ی مواد آموزشی کودک گونه و همراه با حرکات عجیب و غریب دلقک وار است.
- گفتار بسیار کوتاه و ساده مثلا شامل استفاده از فقط یک فعل و انجام عمل به فعل در حضور کودک زمانی که کودک شناخت کمی از اسم ها، صفت ها، ضمیرها و در نهایت ساخت جمله دارد .
رویکرد تعامل همه جانبه برای کمک به کودکانی استفاده می شود که از نظر رشدی هنوز در مرحله ی اول رشد تعامل با دیگران و محیط اطراف قرار دارند و لازم است مبانی ارتباط را یاد بگیرند.
- برای این که درمانگر بتواند ارتباط درمانی بهتری با یادگیرنده برقرار کند اولین وظیفه ی او، حدس زدن رفتارهای کودک است. به نظر می رسد، در برخی موارد با پیش بینی رفتار کودک در چند لحظه آینده و پیش دستی کردن و انجام دادن همان رفتار و همراه کردن کودک و هدایت درست آن در جهت آموزش در مواردی که ارتباط درمانی مناسبی با او برقرار می کند و او را برای برانگیخته شدن بیشتر هدایت و کمک می کند رشد تعامل در کودک سریعتر اتفاق می افتد
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